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Jerusalem

Jerusalem, the capital of Israel and a holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Also known as Ariel · Hephzibah · My Delight Is in Her · Forsaken · Deserted · Desolate · Beulah · Married · Jebus · Jebusite · Jebusi · Lord Is There · The Lord Is There · City of the Lord · Salem · Zion · Mount Zion · Sion

Jerusalem is one of the most important cities in the Bible, serving as the capital of Israel and a holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is mentioned hundreds of times throughout the Old and New Testaments. The city was originally known as Salem (Genesis 14:18; Psalm 76:2) and was later called Jebus, after the Jebusites who inhabited it (Judges 19:10; 1Ch.11.4). David conquered the city and made it his capital (2Sa.5.6-9; 1Ch.11.4-9). Solomon built the first temple in Jerusalem (1Kings 6-8; 2Chronicles 3-7), which became the center of Jewish worship. The city was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC (2Ki.25.1-10; 2Ch.36.17-19) but was later rebuilt after the exile (Ezra 1:1-4; Nehemiah 2:11-20). In the New Testament, Jerusalem is the site of many events in the life of Jesus, including his triumphal entry (Matthew 21:1-11), cleansing of the temple (Matthew 21:12-17), and crucifixion (Matthew 27:32-56). The early church also began in Jerusalem (Acts 1-7). Throughout the Bible, Jerusalem is referred to by various names, each highlighting a different aspect of its significance: Ariel (Isaiah 29:1), My Delight Is in Her (Isaiah 62:4), Forsaken and Desolate (Isaiah 62:4), Married (Isaiah 62:4), the City of the Lord (Isaiah 60:14), Zion (Psalm 87:2), and Mount Zion (Psalm 48:1). The name "Jerusalem" itself may mean "foundation of peace" or "possession of peace."

Approximate location: 31.777, 35.235 · view on a map · on the Bible atlas

Bible dictionary

Jerusalem Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

Called also Salem, Ariel, Jebus, the “city of God,” the “holy city;” by the modern Arabs el-Khuds, meaning “the holy;” once “the city of Judah” (2 Chr. 25:28). This name is in the original in the dual form, and means “possession of peace,” or “foundation of peace.” The dual form probably refers to the two mountains on which it was built, viz., Zion and Moriah; or, as some suppose, to the two parts of the city, the “upper” and the “lower city.” Jerusalem is a “mountain city enthroned on a mountain fastness” (comp. Ps. 68:15, 16; 87:1; 125:2; 76:1, 2; 122:3). It stands on the edge of one of the highest table-lands in Palestine, and is surrounded on the south-eastern, the southern, and the western sides by deep and precipitous ravines. It is first mentioned in Scripture under the name Salem (Gen. 14:18; comp. Ps. 76:2). When first mentioned under the name Jerusalem, Adonizedek was its king (Josh. 10:1). It is afterwards named among the cities of Benjamin (Judg. 19:10; 1 Chr. 11:4); but in the time of David it was divided between Benjamin and Judah. After the death of Joshua the city was taken and set on fire by the men of Judah (Judg. 1:1-8); but the Jebusites were not wholly driven out of it. The city is not again mentioned till we are told that David brought the head of Goliath thither (1 Sam. 17:54). David afterwards led his forces against the Jebusites still residing within its walls, and drove them out, fixing his own dwelling on Zion, which he called “the city of David” (2 Sam. 5:5-9; 1 Chr. 11:4-8). Here he built an altar to the Lord on the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite (2 Sam. 24:15-25), and thither he brought up the ark of the covenant and placed it in the new tabernacle which he had prepared for it. Jerusalem now became the capital of the kingdom.…

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Jerusalem Smith Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1863)

(the habitation of peace), Jerusalem stands in latitude 31 degrees 46’ 35” north and longitude 35 degrees 18’ 30” east of Greenwich. It is 32 miles distant from the sea and 18 from the Jordan, 20 from Hebron and 36 from Samaria. “In several respects,” says Dean Stanley, “its situation is singular among the cities of Palestine. Its elevation is remarkable; occasioned not from its being on the summit of one of the numerous hills of Judea, like most of the towns and villages, but because it is on the edge of one of the highest table-lands of the country. Hebron indeed is higher still by some hundred feet, and from the south, accordingly (even from Bethlehem), the approach to Jerusalem is by a slight descent. But from any other side the ascent is perpetual; and to the traveller approaching the city from the east or west it must always have presented the appearance beyond any other capital of the then known world—we may say beyond any important city that has ever existed on the earth—of a mountain city; breathing, as compared with the sultry plains of Jordan, a mountain air; enthroned, as compared with jericho or Damascus, Gaza or Tyre, on a mountain fastness.”—S. & P. 170,

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Jerusalem Hitchcock Hitchcock’s Bible Names Dictionary (1869)

vision of peace

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Jerusalem Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

JERU'SALEM, the capital of the Hebrew monarchy and of the kingdom of Judah, the most important city in biblical history, and the most sacred and the most desecrated city of the world. "Beautiful for situation," "the joy of the whole earth," "the perfection of beauty," - so sings the Psalmist of this wonderful city. Ps 48:2-3; Ps 50:2. Yet Jesus wept over it tears of sorrow in view of its unfaithfulness and approaching doom: "Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." Matt 23:37-39.

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Jerusalem Schaff Schaff’s Dictionary of the Bible

JERU'SALEM, the capital of the Hebrew monarchy and of the kingdom of Judah, the most important city in biblical history, and the most sacred and the most desecrated city of the world. "Beautiful for situation," "the joy of the whole earth," "the perfection of beauty," - so sings the Psalmist of this wonderful city. Ps 48:2-3; Ps 50:2. Yet Jesus wept over it tears of sorrow in view of its unfaithfulness and approaching doom: "Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." Matt 23:37-39. I. Names. - "Jerusalem," in Hebrew, means "the possession" or "inheritance of peace." It is called "Salem" in Ps 76:2, and Jewish commentators affirm that it is identical with the Salem of Melchizedek, Gen 14:18; but Jerome and others dispute this. The Jews also believe that it includes the mount upon which Abraham offered Isaac, and which he named" Jehovah-jireh." Gen 22:14. It is called "Jebusi," Josh 18:28, and "Jebus," Judg 19:10-11, and it first appears as "Jerusalem" in Josh 10:1. It was known as "the city of David" and of "Zion," 1 Kgs 8:1; 2 Kgs 14:20; "city of Judah," 2 Chr 25:28; "city of God," Ps 46:4; "city of the great King," Ps 48:2; "the holy city," Neh 11:1; "Ariel," Isa 29:1; in the Latin Version it is "Hierosolyma." By the Roman emperor Hadrian it was named AElia Capitolina; by the Mohammedans, Arabs, and Turks it is now known

as el-Khuds, or "the holy," and Beit-el-Makhuddis, or "the holy house" or "the sanctuary." The Moslems regard it as their most holy city, next to Mecca and Medina, and believe that the general judgment will take place in the valley of…

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Jerusalem appears

888 verses in 38 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3389

Genesis1
Joshua8
Judges5
1 Samuel1
2 Samuel31
1 Kings28
2 Kings56
1 Chronicles25
2 Chronicles117
Ezra44
Nehemiah34
Esther1
Psalms50
Ecclesiastes5
Song of Solomon9
Isaiah81
Jeremiah113
Lamentations19
Ezekiel27
Daniel9
Joel10
Amos3
Obadiah4
Micah13
Zephaniah4
Zechariah41
Malachi2
Matthew13
Mark11
Luke31
John14
Acts58
Romans6
1 Corinthians1
Galatians5
Hebrews3
1 Peter1
Revelation4

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.