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Person · Tribe of Benjamin

Benjamin

Jacob's son living at the time of the Patriarchs

Benjamin, initially named Ben-oni by his mother Rachel, was the youngest son of Jacob.

🗺 Places mentioned alongside Benjamin on the map →

Also known as Benjamite · Benjaminite · Ben-oni · Jamin · Jeminite

Benjamin was the youngest son of Israel (or 'Jacob') and his beloved wife Rachel. Rachel died giving birth to Benjamin and named him Ben-oni, meaning "son of my sorrow," but Jacob renamed him Benjamin, meaning "son of the right hand" (Gen. 35:18,24). Benjamin was one of the twelve sons of Jacob who became the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Israel.

As a young man, Benjamin was kept at home by his father while his brothers went to Egypt to buy grain during a famine (Gen. 42:4). Later, when the brothers returned to Egypt with Benjamin, Joseph showed favoritism towards him (Gen. 43:34). After Joseph revealed his identity, he sent his brothers back to Canaan with gifts, giving Benjamin 300 pieces of silver and five sets of clothes (Gen. 45:22).

In Jacob's final blessing, he described Benjamin as a "ravenous wolf" (Gen. 49:27), possibly alluding to the tribe's fierceness in battle. During the Exodus, the tribe of Benjamin was led by Abidan son of Gideoni (Num. 1:11; 2:22). Notable Benjamites include Ehud, a left-handed judge who delivered Israel from Moabite oppression (Jdg. 3:15), and King Saul, the first king of Israel (1Sam. 9:21).

The tribe of Benjamin was known for its military prowess and played a significant role in Israel's history, despite being one of the smallest tribes. They were loyal to David during Absalom's rebellion (2Sam. 19:17) and later supported the southern kingdom of Judah after the division of the monarchy (1Ki. 12:21). In the New Testament, the apostle Paul proudly identified himself as a Benjamite (Rom. 11:1; Phil. 3:5).

Family

Father
Israel
Mother
Rachel

Connections

Part of: The patriarchal families

Rachel's sons: Joseph and Benjamin

FamilyStated in the text

Rachel, long barren, bore Joseph and died giving birth to Benjamin near Ephrathah. Jacob's favouritism toward the sons of Rachel shapes the Joseph story and Judah's later offer to replace Benjamin.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:22-24 — Joseph bornGen 35:16-20 — Benjamin born; Rachel diesGen 37:3 — Jacob loved Joseph more than his brothersGen 44:20 — Benjamin described as the only remaining son of his mother

Sources: Gen 30:22-24 · Gen 35:16-20 · Gen 37:3 · Gen 44:20

Judah offers himself for Benjamin

FamilyStated in the text

When Joseph's cup was found in Benjamin's sack, Judah pleaded to become Joseph's slave in Benjamin's place, the reverse of his earlier willingness to sell Joseph. This moves Joseph to reveal himself and is regarded as the narrative turning point for Judah's leadership.

Where the text shows it: Gen 43:8-9 — Judah guarantees Benjamin's safetyGen 44:18-34 — Judah's speechGen 45:1 — Joseph can no longer control himself

Sources: Gen 43:8-9 · Gen 44:18-34 · Gen 45:1

Joseph and Benjamin: the two sons of Rachel

FamilyStated in the text

Joseph and Benjamin were the only sons of Rachel. Joseph's test with the silver cup and his favour toward Benjamin (five times the portion) reveal his concern about whether the brothers would again abandon a favoured son.

Where the text shows it: Gen 43:29-34 — Joseph sees Benjamin; Benjamin's portion five times largerGen 45:14 — Joseph and Benjamin weep on each other's necksGen 45:22 — Benjamin given extra clothes and silver

Sources: Gen 43:29-34 · Gen 45:14 · Gen 45:22

Where Benjamin appears

166 verses in 23 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H1144

Genesis16
Exodus1
Numbers10
Deuteronomy2
Joshua6
Judges44
1 Samuel13
2 Samuel12
1 Kings5
1 Chronicles15
2 Chronicles14
Ezra3
Nehemiah4
Esther1
Psalms3
Jeremiah7
Ezekiel4
Hosea1
Obadiah1
Acts1
Romans1
Philippians1
Revelation1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.