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Rachel

Woman living at the time of the Patriarchs

Rachel was the beloved wife of Jacob, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin.

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Also known as Rahel

Rachel was the daughter of Laban and the younger sister of Leah (Gen.29.16). She became the beloved wife of Israel (or 'Jacob'), who worked for Laban for fourteen years to marry her (Gen.29.18-30). Rachel was initially unable to conceive, while Leah bore several children (Gen.29.31-35). In her distress, Rachel gave her maidservant Bilhah to Jacob, and Bilhah bore Dan and Naphtali (Gen.30.1-8). Eventually, God remembered Rachel, and she gave birth to Joseph (Gen.30.22-24). When Jacob left Laban, Rachel stole her father's household idols (Gen.31.19). She later hid them and deceived her father when he came searching for them (Gen.31.34-35). As Jacob's family journeyed to Ephrath (Bethlehem), Rachel went into labor and gave birth to Benjamin, but she died during childbirth (Gen.35.16-20). Jacob buried her on the way to Ephrath and set up a pillar on her grave (Gen.35.20). Rachel's sons, Joseph and Benjamin, became two of the twelve tribes of Israel (Gen.46.19-22). Her tomb became a landmark (1Sa.10.2) and is mentioned in Jer.31.15, where her weeping is used as a symbol for Israel's mourning during the Babylonian exile. This passage is also quoted in Mat.2.18 in relation to Herod's massacre of the innocents.

Family

Father
Laban
Sibling
Leah
Spouse or partner
Israel

Connections

Part of: The patriarchal families

Leah and Rachel: sisters, co-wives, rivals

FamilyStated in the text

Daughters of Laban, both married to Jacob. Jacob loved Rachel; Leah bore six sons and a daughter before Rachel conceived. Their competition (the mandrakes, the naming of sons) drives the birth of the tribes; later Ruth 4:11 invokes both as builders of Israel.

Where the text shows it: Gen 29:30-31 — Jacob loves Rachel; Leah unloved but fertileGen 30:14-15 — Mandrake disputeRuth 4:11 — "Rachel and Leah, who together built up the house of Israel"

Sources: Gen 29:30-31 · Gen 30:14-15 · Ruth 4:11

Rachel's sons: Joseph and Benjamin

FamilyStated in the text

Rachel, long barren, bore Joseph and died giving birth to Benjamin near Ephrathah. Jacob's favouritism toward the sons of Rachel shapes the Joseph story and Judah's later offer to replace Benjamin.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:22-24 — Joseph bornGen 35:16-20 — Benjamin born; Rachel diesGen 37:3 — Jacob loved Joseph more than his brothersGen 44:20 — Benjamin described as the only remaining son of his mother

Sources: Gen 30:22-24 · Gen 35:16-20 · Gen 37:3 · Gen 44:20

Bilhah's sons: Dan and Naphtali

FamilyStated in the text

Rachel gave her servant Bilhah to Jacob; Bilhah bore Dan and Naphtali, whom Rachel counted as her own. Reuben later slept with Bilhah, a transgression that cost him the firstborn's standing.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:3-8 — Dan and Naphtali born through BilhahGen 35:22 — Reuben lies with Bilhah1 Chr 5:1 — Birthright passes from Reuben to Joseph's sons

Sources: Gen 30:3-8 · Gen 35:22 · 1 Chr 5:1

The twelve sons grouped by mother

FamilyStated in the text

Genesis 35 groups the twelve sons by mother: six of Leah, two of Rachel, two of Bilhah, two of Zilpah. This grouping explains later tribal alliances, camp arrangements and the lines of favouritism in Genesis 37.

Where the text shows it: Gen 35:23-26 — Explicit list of sons by motherNum 2:3-31 — Camp arrangement by tribe

Sources: Gen 35:23-26 · Num 2:3-31

Joseph and Benjamin: the two sons of Rachel

FamilyStated in the text

Joseph and Benjamin were the only sons of Rachel. Joseph's test with the silver cup and his favour toward Benjamin (five times the portion) reveal his concern about whether the brothers would again abandon a favoured son.

Where the text shows it: Gen 43:29-34 — Joseph sees Benjamin; Benjamin's portion five times largerGen 45:14 — Joseph and Benjamin weep on each other's necksGen 45:22 — Benjamin given extra clothes and silver

Sources: Gen 43:29-34 · Gen 45:14 · Gen 45:22

Bible dictionary

Rachel Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

Ewe, “the daughter”, “the somewhat petulant, peevish, and self-willed though beautiful younger daughter” of Laban, and one of Jacob’s wives (Gen. 29:6, 28). He served Laban fourteen years for her, so deep was Jacob’s affection for her. She was the mother of Joseph (Gen. 30:22-24). Afterwards, on Jacob’s departure from Mesopotamia, she took with her her father’s teraphim (31:34, 35). As they journeyed on from Bethel, Rachel died in giving birth to Benjamin (35:18, 19), and was buried “in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave”. Her sepulchre is still regarded with great veneration by the Jews. Its traditional site is about half a mile from Jerusalem. This name is used poetically by Jeremiah (31:15-17) to denote God’s people mourning under their calamities. This passage is also quoted by Matthew as fulfilled in the lamentation at Bethlehem on account of the slaughter of the infants there at the command of Herod (Matt. 2:17, 18).

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Rachel Smith Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1863)

(ewe, or sheep), the younger of the daughters of Laban, the wife of Jacob (B.C. 1753) and mother of Joseph and Benjamin. The incidents of her life may be found in Genesis29-33, 35. The story of Jacob and Rachel has always had a peculiar interest. The beauty of Rachel, Jacob’s deep love and long servitude for her, their marriage, and Rachel’s death on giving birth to Benjamin, with Jacob’s grief at her loss, (Genesis 48:7) makes a touching tale. Yet from what is related to us concerning her character there does not seem much to claim any high degree of admiration and esteem. She appears to have shared all the duplicity and falsehood of her family. See, for instance, Rachel’s stealing her father’s images, and the ready dexterity and presence of mind with which she concealed her theft. (Genesis 31:1) ... “Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. (B.C. 1729.) And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave; that is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day.” (Genesis 35:19,20) The site of Rachel’s tomb, “on the way to Bethlehem,” “a little way to come to Ephrath,” “in the border of Benjamin,” never been questioned. It Is about two miles south of Jerusalem and one mile north of Bethlehem.

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Rachel Hitchcock Hitchcock’s Bible Names Dictionary (1869)

sheep

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Rachel Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

RA'CHEL (a ewe), the daughter of Laban, the wife of the patriarch Jacob, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin. Her history is given in Gen 29-35. The incidents of her life - her beauty, the passion with which she was loved, etc. - are of a charming impressiveness, but her character - her theft of Laban's idols, her shrewdness in concealing the fact - does not command our respect. She died after giving birth to Benjamin, and on her grave, near the road from Bethlehem to Jerusalem, Jacob set up a pillar. Gen 35:19. At the time of Samuel and Saul the pillar was still standing. 1 Sam 10:2. At present a small white mosque, erected by the Mohammedans, indicates the place. Jeremiah, Jer 31:15-17, represents Rachel as weeping in her grave when her children pass by on their way to Babylon, and Matthew, Matt 2:17-18, applies this to the massacre of the innocents.

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Rachel Schaff Schaff’s Dictionary of the Bible

RA'CHEL (a ewe), the daughter of Laban, the wife of the patriarch Jacob, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin. Her history is given in Gen 29-35. The incidents of her life - her beauty, the passion with which she was loved, etc. - are of a charming impressiveness, but her character - her theft of Laban's idols, her shrewdness in concealing the fact - does not command our respect. She died after giving birth to Benjamin, and on her grave, near the road from Bethlehem to Jerusalem, Jacob set up a pillar. Gen 35:19. At the time of

Samuel and Saul the pillar was still standing. 1 Sam 10:2. At present a small white mosque, erected by the Mohammedans, indicates the place. Jeremiah, Jer 31:15-17, represents Rachel as weeping in her grave when her children pass by on their way to Babylon, and Matthew, Matt 2:17-18, applies this to the massacre of the innocents.

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Rachel appears

45 verses in 5 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H7354

Genesis41
Ruth1
1 Samuel1
Jeremiah1
Matthew1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.