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Leah

Woman living at the time of the Patriarchs

Leah, the first wife of Jacob and mother of six of his sons and his daughter Dinah.

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Leah was the elder daughter of Laban, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's mother (Gen.29.16). Israel (or 'Jacob') agreed to work for Laban for seven years to marry Rachel, Leah's younger sister (Gen.29.18). However, Laban deceived Jacob and gave him Leah instead, requiring him to work another seven years for Rachel (Gen.29.23-28). Leah bore Jacob six sons: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, as well as a daughter, Dinah (Gen.29.32-35; 30.17-21). Despite being the less favored wife, Leah hoped to gain Jacob's affection through childbearing (Gen.29.32). Leah accompanied Jacob when he left Laban's household and reconciled with his brother Esau (Gen.31.4,14; 33.1-2,7). She is last mentioned as being buried with Jacob in the cave of Machpelah (Gen.49.31). Leah's sons became the ancestors of six of the twelve tribes of Israel (Gen.35.23; 46.15; 49.1-28).

Family

Father
Laban
Sibling
Rachel
Spouse or partner
Israel

Connections

Part of: The patriarchal families

Leah and Rachel: sisters, co-wives, rivals

FamilyStated in the text

Daughters of Laban, both married to Jacob. Jacob loved Rachel; Leah bore six sons and a daughter before Rachel conceived. Their competition (the mandrakes, the naming of sons) drives the birth of the tribes; later Ruth 4:11 invokes both as builders of Israel.

Where the text shows it: Gen 29:30-31 — Jacob loves Rachel; Leah unloved but fertileGen 30:14-15 — Mandrake disputeRuth 4:11 — "Rachel and Leah, who together built up the house of Israel"

Sources: Gen 29:30-31 · Gen 30:14-15 · Ruth 4:11

Leah's sons and daughter

FamilyStated in the text

Leah bore Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun and Dinah. Her sons include the priestly tribe (Levi) and the royal tribe (Judah); Reuben, Simeon and Levi are all set back in Jacob's final words.

Where the text shows it: Gen 29:31-35 — Reuben, Simeon, Levi, JudahGen 30:17-21 — Issachar, Zebulun, DinahGen 49:3-7 — Jacob rebukes Reuben, Simeon and Levi

Sources: Gen 29:31-35 · Gen 30:17-21 · Gen 49:3-7

Zilpah's sons: Gad and Asher

FamilyStated in the text

Leah gave her servant Zilpah to Jacob; Zilpah bore Gad and Asher. Together with Bilhah's sons they make up the four "servant-wife" tribes among the twelve.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:9-13 — Gad and Asher bornGen 35:26 — Sons of Zilpah listedGen 37:2 — Joseph is with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah

Sources: Gen 30:9-13 · Gen 35:26 · Gen 37:2

The twelve sons grouped by mother

FamilyStated in the text

Genesis 35 groups the twelve sons by mother: six of Leah, two of Rachel, two of Bilhah, two of Zilpah. This grouping explains later tribal alliances, camp arrangements and the lines of favouritism in Genesis 37.

Where the text shows it: Gen 35:23-26 — Explicit list of sons by motherNum 2:3-31 — Camp arrangement by tribe

Sources: Gen 35:23-26 · Num 2:3-31

Dinah: the only named daughter of Jacob

FamilyStated in the text

Dinah, Jacob's daughter by Leah, is at the centre of Genesis 34. Her name appears in the list of those who went down to Egypt (Gen 46:15), the only daughter of Jacob by name in the patriarchal narrative.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:21 — Leah bears DinahGen 34:1 — Dinah goes out to see the women of the landGen 46:15 — Listed among Leah's descendants entering Egypt

Sources: Gen 30:21 · Gen 34:1 · Gen 46:15

Bible dictionary

Leah Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

Weary, the eldest daughter of Laban, and sister of Rachel (Gen. 29:16). Jacob took her to wife through a deceit of her father (Gen. 29:23). She was “tender-eyed” (17). She bore to Jacob six sons (32-35), also one daughter, Dinah (30:21). She accompanied Jacob into Canaan, and died there before the time of the going down into Egypt (Gen. 31), and was buried in the cave of Machpelah (49:31).

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Leah Smith Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1863)

(wearied), the daughter of Laban. (Genesis 29:16) The dullness or weakness of her eyes was so notable that it is mentioned as a contrast to the beautiful form and appearance of her younger sister Rachel. Her father took advantage of the opportunity which the local marriage rite afforded to pass her off in her sister’s stead on the unconscious bridegroom, and excused himself to Jacob by alleging that the custom of the country forbade the younger sister to be given first in marriage. Jacob’s preference of Rachel grew into hatred of Leah after he had married both sisters. Leah, however, bore to him in quick succession Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, then Issachar, Zebulun and Dinah, before Rachel had a child. She died some time after Jacob reached the south country in which his father Isaac lived. She was buried in the family grave in Machpelah, near Hebron. (Genesis 49:31) (B.C. about 1720.)

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Leah Hitchcock Hitchcock’s Bible Names Dictionary (1869)

weary; tired

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Leah Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

LE'AH (wearied), the eldest daughter of Laban, and married to Jacob by her father's deceit. Gen 29. She bore him six sons and one daughter, and died after he went down to Egypt, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah. Gen 49:31. She was aware of the greater affection which Jacob felt for her sister, and suffered thereby, Gen 29:21-25, Gen 29:31-35; Gen 30:1-25, but she was nevertheless heartily devoted to her husband.

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Leah Schaff Schaff’s Dictionary of the Bible

LE'AH (wearied), the eldest daughter of Laban, and married to Jacob by her father's deceit. Gen 29. She bore him six sons and one daughter, and died after he went down to Egypt, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah. Gen 49:31. She was aware of the greater affection which Jacob felt for her sister, and suffered thereby, Gen 29:21-25, Gen 29:31-35; Gen 30:1-25, but she was nevertheless heartily devoted to her husband.

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Leah appears

32 verses in 2 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3812

Genesis31
Ruth1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.