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Person · Early Patriarch

Joseph

Jacob's son living at the time of the Patriarchs

Joseph, Jacob's son, rose to power in Egypt and saved his family during a famine.

🗺 Places mentioned alongside Joseph on the map →

Also known as Zaphenath-paneah · Zaphnath–paaneah

Joseph was the eleventh son of Israel (or 'Jacob') and the firstborn of Rachel (Gen.30.22-24). He was favored by his father, causing jealousy among his brothers (Gen.37.3-4). Joseph had dreams of his family bowing down to him, further straining the relationships (Gen.37.5-11). His brothers sold him into slavery, and he was taken to Egypt (Gen.37.12-36). In Egypt, Joseph served in Potiphar's house, where he was falsely accused and imprisoned (Genesis 39). While in prison, Joseph interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker (Genesis 40). Later, he interpreted Pharaoh's dreams and was appointed as second-in-command over Egypt (Gen.41.1-45). During this time, he was given the name Zaphenath-paneah by Pharaoh (Gen.41.45). Joseph managed Egypt's resources wisely during the years of plenty and famine (Gen.41.46-57). His brothers came to Egypt for food, and after testing them, Joseph revealed his identity and reconciled with them (Genesis 42-45). Joseph brought his father, Jacob, and his entire family to Egypt, where they settled in the land of Goshen (Genesis 46-47). Before his death, Jacob blessed Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, and prophesied about Joseph's descendants (Genesis 48-49). Joseph died at the age of 110 and was embalmed and placed in a coffin in Egypt (Gen.50.22-26). His bones were later carried out of Egypt by the Israelites during the Exodus and buried at Shechem (Exo.13.19; Jos.24.32). Joseph's life exemplified faith, forgiveness, and God's providence in the midst of hardship.

Family

Father
Israel
Mother
Rachel
Spouse or partner
Asenath

Connections

Part of: The patriarchal families

Rachel's sons: Joseph and Benjamin

FamilyStated in the text

Rachel, long barren, bore Joseph and died giving birth to Benjamin near Ephrathah. Jacob's favouritism toward the sons of Rachel shapes the Joseph story and Judah's later offer to replace Benjamin.

Where the text shows it: Gen 30:22-24 — Joseph bornGen 35:16-20 — Benjamin born; Rachel diesGen 37:3 — Jacob loved Joseph more than his brothersGen 44:20 — Benjamin described as the only remaining son of his mother

Sources: Gen 30:22-24 · Gen 35:16-20 · Gen 37:3 · Gen 44:20

Reuben and Joseph: the firstborn who failed

FamilyStated in the text

Reuben tried to rescue Joseph from the pit but was not present at the sale; later he offered his own sons as surety for Benjamin. He remained firstborn by order but lost leadership to Judah (royalty) and Joseph (double portion).

Where the text shows it: Gen 37:21-22 — Reuben tries to spare JosephGen 37:29-30 — Reuben finds the pit emptyGen 42:37 — Reuben offers his sons for Benjamin1 Chr 5:1-2 — Birthright to Joseph, leadership to Judah

Sources: Gen 37:21-22 · Gen 37:29-30 · Gen 42:37 · 1 Chr 5:1-2

Joseph and his brothers: envy, the pit and the sale

FamilyStated in the text

Favoured by Jacob, given a special robe and telling dreams of dominance, Joseph was hated by his brothers, thrown in a pit, and sold to Ishmaelite/Midianite traders on Judah's suggestion. Joseph later interprets these events as God's preservation of life.

Where the text shows it: Gen 37:3-11 — Favour, robe, dreamsGen 37:26-28 — Judah proposes selling JosephGen 45:5-8 — Joseph's providential readingGen 50:20 — "You meant evil against me, but God meant it for good"

Sources: Gen 37:3-11 · Gen 37:26-28 · Gen 45:5-8 · Gen 50:20

Judah offers himself for Benjamin

FamilyStated in the text

When Joseph's cup was found in Benjamin's sack, Judah pleaded to become Joseph's slave in Benjamin's place, the reverse of his earlier willingness to sell Joseph. This moves Joseph to reveal himself and is regarded as the narrative turning point for Judah's leadership.

Where the text shows it: Gen 43:8-9 — Judah guarantees Benjamin's safetyGen 44:18-34 — Judah's speechGen 45:1 — Joseph can no longer control himself

Sources: Gen 43:8-9 · Gen 44:18-34 · Gen 45:1

Joseph and Benjamin: the two sons of Rachel

FamilyStated in the text

Joseph and Benjamin were the only sons of Rachel. Joseph's test with the silver cup and his favour toward Benjamin (five times the portion) reveal his concern about whether the brothers would again abandon a favoured son.

Where the text shows it: Gen 43:29-34 — Joseph sees Benjamin; Benjamin's portion five times largerGen 45:14 — Joseph and Benjamin weep on each other's necksGen 45:22 — Benjamin given extra clothes and silver

Sources: Gen 43:29-34 · Gen 45:14 · Gen 45:22

Jacob adopts Ephraim and Manasseh

FamilyStated in the text

Jacob adopted Joseph's two Egyptian-born sons as his own, making Joseph effectively hold a double portion, and crossed his hands to give the younger Ephraim precedence over Manasseh, a repeat of the younger-over-older pattern.

Where the text shows it: Gen 48:5 — Ephraim and Manasseh "are mine, as Reuben and Simeon are"Gen 48:13-20 — Hands crossed; Ephraim before ManassehGen 41:50-52 — Sons born to Asenath

Sources: Gen 48:5 · Gen 48:13-20 · Gen 41:50-52

Joseph, Potiphar and Pharaoh

FamilyStated in the text

In Egypt Joseph served Potiphar, was falsely accused, imprisoned, then elevated by Pharaoh and given Asenath, daughter of the priest of On, as wife. Their sons Ephraim and Manasseh become two tribes.

Where the text shows it: Gen 39:1-20 — Potiphar and the accusationGen 41:39-45 — Pharaoh elevates Joseph; marriage to Asenath

Sources: Gen 39:1-20 · Gen 41:39-45

Where Joseph appears

197 verses in 18 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3130

Genesis137
Exodus4
Numbers11
Deuteronomy3
Joshua11
Judges3
2 Samuel1
1 Kings1
1 Chronicles4
Psalms5
Ezekiel4
Amos3
Obadiah1
Zechariah1
John1
Acts4
Hebrews2
Revelation1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.