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Isaac

Man living at the time of the Patriarchs

Isaac was the son of Abraham and Sarah, and the father of Jacob and Esau. God made a covenant with him, renewing the promises given to Abraham.

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Isaac was the long-promised son born to Abraham and Sarah in their old age, as recorded in Genesis. He was the child of the covenant, through whom God had promised to fulfill his purposes for Abraham's descendants (Gen.17.19,21). Isaac was circumcised on the eighth day (Gen.21.4) and grew up as Abraham's heir.

When he was a youth, God tested Abraham by commanding him to offer Isaac as a sacrifice (Gen.22). Abraham obeyed, but at the last moment God provided a ram as a substitute. This event foreshadowed God's provision of his own Son as the ultimate sacrifice.

Isaac married Rebekah, and they had twin sons, Esau and Israel (or 'Jacob') (Gen.25.21-26). Isaac favored Esau, while Rebekah favored Jacob, leading to family conflict. Jacob deceived Isaac into giving him the firstborn blessing (Gen.27).

Isaac settled in Gerar, where God confirmed to him the covenant promises (Gen.26.1-5). Like his father, he passed off his wife as his sister out of fear (Gen.26.7-11). He reopened Abraham's wells and dug new ones, showing his claim to the land.

Isaac died at the age of 180 and was buried by his sons (Gen.35.29). God is identified as the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, linking Isaac to the patriarchal promises (Exo.3.6). The New Testament upholds Isaac as an example of faith (Heb.11.20) and miraculous birth (Gal.4.28-29).

Family

Father
Abraham
Mother
Sarah
Spouse or partner
Rebekah
Children
EsauIsrael

Connections

Part of: The patriarchal families

Isaac and Ishmael: two sons of Abraham by two mothers

FamilyStated in the text

Ishmael was born to Abraham and Sarah's servant Hagar, Isaac to Sarah. Tension over inheritance led to Hagar and Ishmael's departure, yet both sons are blessed in God's promises, and they together buried Abraham at Machpelah.

Where the text shows it: Gen 16:15 — Ishmael is born to HagarGen 21:8-14 — Isaac weaned; Hagar and Ishmael sent awayGen 17:20 — Ishmael is promised to become a great nationGen 25:9 — Isaac and Ishmael bury Abraham

Sources: Gen 16:15 · Gen 21:8-14 · Gen 17:20 · Gen 25:9

Isaac and Rebekah: a marriage arranged from Haran

FamilyStated in the text

Abraham's servant fetched Rebekah, granddaughter of Abraham's brother Nahor, from Aram-naharaim. She is thus Isaac's cousin (once removed) and the link back to the Haran family that later houses Jacob.

Where the text shows it: Gen 24:15 — Rebekah is the daughter of Bethuel, son of Milcah and NahorGen 24:67 — Isaac marries RebekahGen 22:20-23 — Milcah's line reported to Abraham

Sources: Gen 24:15 · Gen 24:67 · Gen 22:20-23

Bible dictionary

Isaac Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

Laughter. (1) Israel, or the kingdom of the ten tribes (Amos 7:9, 16). (2.) The only son of Abraham by Sarah. He was the longest lived of the three patriarchs (Gen. 21:1-3). He was circumcised when eight days old (4-7); and when he was probably two years old a great feast was held in connection with his being weaned. The next memorable event in his life is that connected with the command of God given to Abraham to offer him up as a sacrifice on a mountain in the land of Moriah (Gen. 22). (See ABRAHAM.) When he was forty years of age Rebekah was chosen for his wife (Gen. 24). After the death and burial of his father he took up his residence at Beer-lahai-roi (25:7-11), where his two sons, Esau and Jacob, were born (21-26), the former of whom seems to have been his favourite son (27, 28). In consequence of a famine (Gen. 26:1) Isaac went to Gerar, where he practised deception as to his relation to Rebekah, imitating the conduct of his father in Egypt (12:12-20) and in Gerar (20:2). The Philistine king rebuked him for his prevarication. After sojourning for some time in the land of the Philistines, he returned to Beersheba, where God gave him fresh assurance of covenant blessing, and where Abimelech entered into a covenant of peace with him. The next chief event in his life was the blessing of his sons (Gen. 27:1). He died at Mamre, “being old and full of days” (35:27-29), one hundred and eighty years old, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah. In the New Testament reference is made to his having been “offered up” by his father (Heb. 11:17; James 2:21), and to his blessing his sons (Heb. 11:20). As the child of promise, he is contrasted with Ishmael (Rom. 9:7, 10; Gal. 4:28; Heb. 11:18). Isaac is “at once a counterpart of his father in simple devoutness and purity of…

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Isaac Smith Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1863)

(laughter), the son whom Sara bore to Abraham, in the hundredth year of his age, at Gerar. (B.C. 1897.) In his infancy he became the object of Ishmael’s jealousy; and in his youth the victim, in intention, of Abraham’s great sacrificial act of faith. When forty years old he married Rebekah his cousin, by whom, when he was sixty, he had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Driven by famine to Gerar, he acquired great wealth by his flocks but was repeatedly dispossessed by the Philistines of the wells which he sunk at convenient stations. After the deceit by which Jacob acquired his father’s blessing Isaac sent his son to seek a wife in Padan-aram; and all that we know of him during the last forty-three years of his life in that he saw that God, with a large and prosperous family, return to him at Hebron. (Genesis 36:27) before he died there, at the age of 180 years. He was buried by his two sons in the cave of Machpelah. In the New Testament reference is made to the offering of Isaac (Hebrews 11:17; James 2:21) and to his blessing his sons. (Hebrews 11:20) In (Galatians 4:28-31) he is contrasted with Ishmael. In reference to the offering up of Isaac by Abraham, the primary doctrine taught are those of sacrifice and substitution, as the means appointed by God for taking away sin; and, as co-ordinate with these, the need of the obedience of faith, on the part of man, to receive the benefit. (Hebrews 11:17) The animal which God provided and Abraham offered was in the whole history of sacrifice the recognized type of “the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sins of the world.” Isaac is the type of humanity itself, devoted to death for sin.

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Isaac Hitchcock Hitchcock’s Bible Names Dictionary (1869)

laughter

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Isaac Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

I'SAAC (laughter), the son which Sarah bore to Abraham when he was a hundred years old. He was the second of the Hebrew patriarchs, and lived the longest of the three -to the age of 180. Gen 35:28. The origin of his name, which signifies "laughter" or "mocking," is given in Gen 17:17; Josh 18:12; Jer 21:6. The only event recorded of his earlier years is the most significant of his life for the history of the Church: he appears in the sacrificial scene as the victim. Directed of God, Abraham led his son to the mountain of sacrifice; Isaac was wholly unconscious of the disposition that was to be made of himself, and is represented in the narrative, Gen 22:1-13, as artlessly inquiring about the lamb to be offered, while he himself was to be the offering. The divine interposition intervened just as the gleaming knife was about to do its bloody work in the hands of the despondent father. Josephus says this event occurred when Isaac was 24 years old, but no indication of time is given in the narrative. This occurrence is considered typical of the later sacrifice of the only Son of God on Calvary. The record of Isaac's wooing and marriage is graphic and beautiful. Abraham sent his trusty servant Eliezer with gifts to Padan-aram for this purpose. He there found Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel, whom Isaac married at the age of 40. Gen 25:20. The account of their meeting and of the preliminaries of the marriage, Gen 24, gives a most charming picture of the manners of that early day. Isaac seems to have been a prosperous agriculturist, Gen 26:12, and a rich herder, v. Gen 26:14, but was not without his domestic troubles with Jacob and Esau. The promise that was given to Abraham of an indefinite increase of his seed, and of the blessings to flow from it to the world, was repeated…

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Isaac Schaff Schaff’s Dictionary of the Bible

I'SAAC, twice used as a poetic synonym for Israel — i.e. the ten tribes, Am 7:9, Am 7:16.

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Isaac appears

123 verses in 21 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3327

Genesis74
Exodus9
Leviticus1
Numbers1
Deuteronomy7
Joshua2
1 Kings1
2 Kings1
1 Chronicles4
2 Chronicles1
Psalms1
Jeremiah1
Amos2
Matthew3
Mark1
Luke3
Acts3
Romans2
Galatians1
Hebrews4
James1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.