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Jeremiah

Prophet living at the time of Divided Monarchy

Jeremiah, the son of Hilkiah, was a prophet who ministered during the reigns of the last kings of Judah, warning of the Babylonian exile and calling for repentance.

🗺 Places mentioned alongside Jeremiah on the map →

Also known as Jeremy,Jeremias

Jeremiah, the son of Hilkiah, was one of the major prophets of the Old Testament. He lived and prophesied during the reigns of the last kings of Judah, including Josiah, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah. Jeremiah's ministry spanned over 40 years, during which he warned the people of Judah about the impending Babylonian exile and called them to repentance and faithfulness to God.

Jeremiah faced significant opposition and persecution for his messages, which often contradicted the false hopes and political ambitions of the kings and people of Judah. He was threatened, imprisoned, and even thrown into a cistern. Despite these challenges, Jeremiah remained faithful to his prophetic calling and continued to deliver God's words to the nation.

Jeremiah's prophecies also included messages of hope and restoration, foretelling the eventual return of the exiles to their homeland and the establishment of a new covenant between God and His people. His writings, which include the book of Jeremiah and the book of Lamentations, provide a detailed account of the events leading up to the fall of Jerusalem and the Babylonian captivity, as well as his personal struggles and faith in God.

Jeremiah's prophecies are referenced in the New Testament, and he is considered a significant figure in both Jewish and Christian traditions. His life and message continue to inspire and challenge readers to remain faithful to God in the face of adversity and to trust in His ultimate plan for redemption and restoration.

Family

Father
Hilkiah

Connections

Part of: Last kings of Judah and the prophets of the exile

Jeremiah and King Josiah

RoleStated in the text

Jeremiah's call came in Josiah's thirteenth year, and he later praises Josiah's justice in contrast to Jehoiakim. Chronicles says Jeremiah composed a lament for Josiah.

Where the text shows it: Jer 1:2 — Call in Josiah's thirteenth yearJer 22:15-16 — Josiah "judged the cause of the poor"2 Chr 35:25 — Jeremiah's lament for Josiah

Sources: Jer 1:2 · Jer 22:15-16 · 2 Chr 35:25

Jeremiah and Baruch: prophet and scribe

WorkStated in the text

Baruch son of Neriah wrote Jeremiah's dictated words and read them in the temple. Jehoiakim burned the scroll, and Baruch rewrote it. Baruch was also involved in Jeremiah's land purchase and went with him to Egypt.

Where the text shows it: Jer 36:4 — Baruch writes from Jeremiah's dictationJer 36:21-28 — Scroll burned and rewrittenJer 32:12-13 — Deed of purchase given to BaruchJer 43:6 — Jeremiah and Baruch taken to Egypt

Sources: Jer 36:4 · Jer 36:21-28 · Jer 32:12-13 · Jer 43:6

Jeremiah against Jehoiakim

RoleStated in the text

Jeremiah denounced Jehoiakim's building programme funded by unpaid labour and predicted a dishonourable burial; the king burned the scroll and pursued the prophet. The prophet Uriah son of Shemaiah was executed for similar words.

Where the text shows it: Jer 22:13-19 — Woe to him who builds by injusticeJer 36:23-26 — Burning of the scrollJer 26:20-23 — Uriah the prophet killed

Sources: Jer 22:13-19 · Jer 36:23-26 · Jer 26:20-23

Jeremiah and Zedekiah

RoleStated in the text

Zedekiah consulted Jeremiah secretly yet yielded to officials who imprisoned him in a cistern. Jeremiah urged surrender to Babylon; Ebed-melech rescued him. Jeremiah remained in the guard court until Jerusalem fell.

Where the text shows it: Jer 37:16-17 — Secret consultationJer 38:4-6 — Jeremiah in the cisternJer 38:17-18 — Advice to surrenderJer 39:11-14 — Nebuchadnezzar's orders about Jeremiah

Sources: Jer 37:16-17 · Jer 38:4-6 · Jer 38:17-18 · Jer 39:11-14

The family of Shaphan: protectors of Jeremiah

FamilyStated in the text

Shaphan the scribe, who read the law to Josiah, had a son Ahikam who protected Jeremiah from execution, and a grandson Gedaliah whom Babylon appointed governor of Judah. Gedaliah also received Jeremiah; his murder ended the remnant community.

Where the text shows it: 2 Kgs 22:3 — Shaphan, son of AzaliahJer 26:24 — Ahikam son of Shaphan protects Jeremiah2 Kgs 25:22-25 — Gedaliah son of Ahikam governor and murderedJer 40:5-6 — Gedaliah and Jeremiah

Sources: 2 Kgs 22:3 · Jer 26:24 · 2 Kgs 25:22-25 · Jer 40:5-6

Jeremiah and Hananiah: conflicting prophecies

RoleStated in the text

Hananiah son of Azzur said in the temple that the exile would end within two years and broke Jeremiah's yoke. Jeremiah replied that prophecies are known by fulfilment and that Hananiah would die that year, which happened.

Where the text shows it: Jer 28:1-4 — Hananiah's oracleJer 28:10-11 — The yoke brokenJer 28:15-17 — Judgement and deathDeut 18:21-22 — The test of a prophet

Sources: Jer 28:1-4 · Jer 28:10-11 · Jer 28:15-17 · Deut 18:21-22

Is Jeremiah's father Hilkiah the high priest?

FamilyDebated

Jeremiah is called son of Hilkiah, one of the priests in Anathoth. Some identify this Hilkiah with the high priest who found the law book under Josiah; the text never says so, and Anathoth was the town of Abiathar's exiled line.

Where the text shows it: Jer 1:1 — Words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, of the priests at Anathoth2 Kgs 22:8 — Hilkiah the high priest finds the law book1 Kgs 2:26 — Abiathar exiled to Anathoth
Ways people read this (3)
  • Some older commentators say no: a high priest would be in Jerusalem, and Zadokite priests did not live at Anathoth.
  • Others accept identity, which would explain Jeremiah's access to Josiah's circle.
  • Most modern commentators see no decisive evidence and treat Hilkiah as a common name.

Sources: Jer 1:1 · 2 Kgs 22:8 · 1 Kgs 2:26

Jeremiah and Ezekiel: two prophets, two locations

WorkWidely accepted

Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem and Egypt while Ezekiel prophesied in Babylon, both warning that Jerusalem would fall and later promising restoration (a new covenant in Jer 31, a new heart and spirit in Ezek 36). Their words may have circulated between Judah and the exiles via Jeremiah's letter.

Where the text shows it: Jer 29:1-7 — Jeremiah's letter to the exilesJer 31:31-34 — New covenantEzek 36:26-27 — New heart and spirit

Sources: Jer 29:1-7 · Jer 31:31-34 · Ezek 36:26-27

Where Jeremiah appears

124 verses in 5 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3414

2 Chronicles4
Ezra1
Jeremiah115
Daniel1
Matthew3

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.