1 Kings 4

Berean Standard Bible · Compare translations · 970 BC – 931 BC · United kingdom · Tap a verse to copy, share or highlight ·

34 verses · 626 words · ~3 min read · ~4 min listen

Solomonʼs Princes

¹So King Solomon ruled over Israel, ²and these were his chief officials:

Azariah son of Zadok was the priest;

³Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were secretaries;

Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;

⁴Benaiah son of Jehoiada was in charge of the army;

Zadok and Abiathar were priests;

⁵Azariah son of Nathan was in charge of the governors;

Zabud son of Nathan was a priest and adviser to the king;

⁶Ahishar was in charge of the palace;

and Adoniram son of Abda was in charge of the forced labor.

Solomonʼs Twelve Officers

⁷Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year, ⁸and these were their names:

Ben-hur in the hill country of Ephraim;

⁹Ben-deker in Makaz, in Shaalbim, in Beth-shemesh, and in Elon-beth-hanan;

¹⁰Ben-hesed in Arubboth (Socoh and all the land of Hepher belonged to him);

¹¹Ben-abinadab in Naphath-dor (Taphath, a daughter of Solomon, was his wife);

¹²Baana son of Ahilud in Taanach, in Megiddo, and in all of Beth-shean next to Zarethan below Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah and on past Jokmeam;

¹³Ben-geber in Ramoth-gilead (the villages of Jair son of Manasseh in Gilead belonged to him, as well as the region of Argob in Bashan with its sixty great cities with walls and bronze bars);

¹⁴Ahinadab son of Iddo in Mahanaim;

¹⁵Ahimaaz in Naphtali (he had married Basemath, a daughter of Solomon);

¹⁶Baana son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth;

¹⁷Jehoshaphat son of Paruah in Issachar;

¹⁸Shimei son of Ela in Benjamin;

¹⁹Geber son of Uri in the land of Gilead, including the territories of Sihon king of the Amorites and of Og king of Bashan.

There was also one governor in the land of Judah.

Solomonʼs Prosperity

²⁰The people of Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand on the seashore, and they were eating and drinking and rejoicing. ²¹And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.

²²Solomonʼs provisions for a single day were thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal, ²³ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry. ²⁴For Solomon had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates—over all the kingdoms from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all sides. ²⁵Throughout the days of Solomon, Judah and Israel dwelt securely from Dan to Beersheba, each man under his own vine and his own fig tree.

²⁶Solomon had 4,000 stalls for his chariot horses and 12,000 horses. ²⁷Each month the governors in turn provided food for King Solomon and all who came to his table. They saw to it that nothing was lacking. ²⁸Each one also brought to the required place their quotas of barley and straw for the chariot horses and other horses.

Solomonʼs Wisdom

²⁹And God gave Solomon wisdom, exceedingly deep insight, and understanding beyond measure, like the sand on the seashore. ³⁰Solomonʼs wisdom was greater than that of all the men of the East, greater than all the wisdom of Egypt. ³¹He was wiser than all men—wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, and wiser than Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. And his fame spread throughout the surrounding nations.

³²Solomon composed three thousand proverbs, and his songs numbered a thousand and five. ³³He spoke of trees, from the cedar in Lebanon to the hyssop growing in the wall, and he taught about animals, birds, reptiles, and fish.

³⁴So men of all nations came to listen to Solomonʼs wisdom, sent by all the kings of the earth, who had heard of his wisdom.

Footnotes (10)

a v3 Shisha is also called Seraiah, Sheva, and Shavsha; see 2 Samuel 8:17,2 Samuel 20:25,and 1 Chronicles 18:16.
b v6 Adoniram is a variant of Adoram and Hadoram; see 2 Samuel 20:24and 2 Chronicles 10:18.
c v11 Or in all the heights of Dor; Naphath-dor is a variant of Naphoth-dor; see Joshua 11:2.
d v19 Some LXX manuscripts; Hebrew And he was the one governor in the land.
e v21 Hebrew the River; also in verse 24
f v22 30 cors is approximately 187 bushels or 6,600 liters (probably about 5.5 tons or 5 metric tons of flour).
g v22 60 cors is approximately 375 bushels or 13,200 liters (probably about 11 tons or 10 metric tons of meal).
h v24 Or beyond the River
i v26 Some LXX manuscripts (see also 2 Chronicles 9:25); Hebrew 40,000
j v26 Or horsemen or charioteers

Study notes on this chapter · 1

Prophecy & fulfillmentWidely held reading

The land promised and the land possessed

God promised Abraham's descendants the land from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates. Joshua says that not one of all the good promises had failed, and Solomon's kingdom extended across that region. Christians disagree about whether the promise has been completely fulfilled, is still awaiting fulfillment, or has been transformed in Christ.

When: Abraham (traditionally c. 2000 BC); Joshua, c. 1400 BC; Solomon, c. 960 BC.

Original passageGenesis 15:18–21

Where the New Testament applies itJoshua 21:43–451 Kings 4:20–21

Echoed inRomans 4:13

Ways people read this (4)

The land promise was completely fulfilled under Joshua and Solomon (Joshua 21:43-45; 1 Kings 4:20-21).
Land promises remain to be fulfilled in a future for the Jewish people.
The promise expands in Christ to include the whole world (Romans 4:13) and the new creation.
Jewish tradition holds that the land promise is an enduring covenant.

Editorial note by BibleWay. Interpretations vary; dates are approximate scholarly estimates.

See all prophecy & fulfillment notes →

1 Kings 4

Solomonʼs Princesⓘ

Solomonʼs Twelve Officersⓘ

Solomonʼs Prosperityⓘ