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Jeroboam

King living at the time of United Monarchyand Divided Monarchy

Jeroboam I was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel after the split of the united monarchy following Solomon's reign.

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Jeroboam I was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel after the united monarchy split following the reign of King Solomon. He was an Ephraimite and a former official in Solomon's administration. The prophet Ahijah predicted that Jeroboam would rule over ten tribes of Israel, and when Solomon sought to kill him, Jeroboam fled to Egypt.

After Solomon's death, Jeroboam returned and led the northern tribes in a revolt against Solomon's son, Rehoboam. He established his capital in Shechem and set up two golden calves in Bethel and Dan to prevent the people from worshipping in Jerusalem. This act of idolatry became known as the "sin of Jeroboam" and was condemned by the prophets.

Jeroboam reigned for 22 years, during which he constantly fought against the southern kingdom of Judah. He was succeeded by his son Nadab. The kings of Israel who followed Jeroboam continued in his idolatrous practices, leading to the eventual downfall and exile of the northern kingdom.

Family

Father
Nebat
Mother
Zeruah
Children
AbijahNadab

Connections

Part of: Kings, prophets and the house of David

Jeroboam and Rehoboam: the kingdom divides

RoleStated in the text

Jeroboam, an Ephraimite overseer, was told by the prophet Ahijah that he would rule ten tribes; Solomon tried to kill him and he fled to Shishak of Egypt. After the split Jeroboam set up golden calves at Bethel and Dan. Shishak later invaded Judah in Rehoboam's fifth year.

Where the text shows it: 1 Kgs 11:29-40 — Ahijah's prophecy; Jeroboam flees to Shishak1 Kgs 12:25-33 — Golden calves at Bethel and Dan1 Kgs 14:25-26 — Shishak invades Judah

Sources: 1 Kgs 11:29-40 · 1 Kgs 12:25-33 · 1 Kgs 14:25-26

Shemaiah stops Rehoboam's war

RoleStated in the text

Rehoboam mustered an army of Judah and Benjamin to recover the north, but the prophet Shemaiah told him not to fight his brothers; they obeyed. Ongoing war between the two kings is reported nevertheless.

Where the text shows it: 1 Kgs 12:21-24 — Shemaiah forbids the campaign1 Kgs 14:30 — War continued between Rehoboam and Jeroboam

Sources: 1 Kgs 12:21-24 · 1 Kgs 14:30

Bible dictionary

Jeroboam Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

JER'OBOAM (whose people is many). 1. The son of Nebat, is distinguished as "the man who made Israel to sin," and was the first king of the ten tribes, b.c. 975-964. He came of the tribe of Ephraim; and distinguishing himself, he was made by Solomon the superintendent of all the workmen furnished by his tribe. While thus employed the prophet Ahijah, by a symbolical act, informed him that the kingdom of Solomon was to be divided and he was to become the head of the ten tribes. What he did on receiving this information we know not; possibly he may have endeavored to hasten matters by raising the standard of revolt; but at any rate Solomon was alarmed, and took measures to apprehend Jeroboam, who fled to Egypt and remained there till Solomon's death. 1 Kgs 11:26-40. After Solomon's death the smouldering fires of discontent burst into a flame. Rehoboam, his successor, acted foolishly, returning an insulting answer to the people's mild demands. Accordingly, the ten tribes threw off the yoke and elected Jeroboam, who had returned, as the one best qualified to be their king. Thus was prophecy fulfilled. He fixed his residence at Shechem, which, with other cities, he fortified for the furtherance of his plans. Fearing that if the revolted tribes should go up to the solemn national feasts at Jerusalem they would be persuaded to return to their allegiance, and forgetting his obligations to God and his dependence on him, he caused two golden calves to be erected, one at Dan and the other at Bethel, the extremities of his dominions, and caused a proclamation to be made, requiring the worship of these idols. 1 Kgs 12:26-33. Jeroboam, having set up the idols, assembled the people at the latter place, to engage in the solemn worship of them; and to show his zeal for the service he…

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Jeroboam appears

81 verses in 3 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H3379

1 Kings48
2 Kings15
2 Chronicles18

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.