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Bethel

Bethel, also called Luz, was an important city in Israel, associated with the patriarchs Abraham and Jacob, later becoming a center of idolatry. (Multiple references, see article for details)

Also known as Beth-el · House of God · Aven · wickedness · Bochim · Bokim · Luz · El-bethel · El-beth-el

Bethel, meaning "house of God" in Hebrew, was an important city in ancient Israel, located about 10 miles north of Jerusalem. It is mentioned numerous times throughout the Old Testament and is closely associated with the patriarchs Abraham and Israel (or 'Jacob').

The city was originally called Luz (Genesis 28:19; 35:6; 48:3; Judges 1:23) and was renamed Bethel by Jacob after his vision of a ladder reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:10-22). In this vision, God confirmed the covenant He had made with Abraham and promised to be with Jacob wherever he went. Jacob set up a stone pillar at the site, anointed it with oil, and made a vow to God.

Abraham had previously built an altar between Bethel and Ai (Genesis 12:8; 13:3), and Jacob later returned to Bethel, where he built an altar and received a renewed promise from God (Genesis 35:1-15). The place was also called El-bethel, meaning "God of Bethel" (Genesis 35:7).

During the period of the judges, Deborah held court under a palm tree between Ramah and Bethel (Judges 4:5), and the Israelites went up to Bethel to seek guidance from God (Judges 20:18, 26; 21:2). The Ark of the Covenant was temporarily located at Bethel (Judges 20:27).

After the division of the kingdom, Jeroboam I set up a golden calf at Bethel to prevent the people from going to Jerusalem to worship (1Ki.12.28-33). This act led to Bethel becoming a major center of idolatry, and the prophets Amos and Hosea condemned the worship there (Amo.3.14; 4:4; 5:5-6; 7:10, 13; Hosea 10:5, 8, 15).

The city was called Aven, meaning "wickedness," by Hosea (Hosea 10:8) and Beth-aven, meaning "house of wickedness," in other passages (Joshua 7:2; 18:12; 1Sa.13.5; 14:23), likely referring to its association with idolatry.

Bethel was destroyed by King Josiah during his religious reforms (2Ki.23.4, 15-19) but was later resettled after the Babylonian exile (Ezra 2:28; Nehemiah 7:32; 11:31).

The city was also known as Bochim, meaning "weepers," in Judges 2:1, 5, where an angel of the Lord rebuked the Israelites for their disobedience.

Bethel played a significant role in Israel's history, serving as a place of worship, a center of idolatry, and a symbol of God's presence and promises to His people.

Approximate location: 31.931, 35.221 · view on a map · on the Bible atlas

Where Bethel appears

69 verses in 14 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H1008

Genesis12
Joshua10
Judges10
1 Samuel3
1 Kings9
2 Kings9
1 Chronicles1
2 Chronicles1
Ezra1
Nehemiah2
Jeremiah1
Hosea3
Amos6
Zechariah1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.