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Samaria

Samaria was the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel, and its inhabitants were known as Samaritans (1Ki. 16:24; 2Ki. 17:24; Jhn. 4:9; Act.8.5).

Also known as Samaritan

Samaria, the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel, was built by King Omri around 880 BC (1Ki. 16:24). The city served as the royal residence and the center of political power for the northern kingdom until its fall to the Assyrians in 722 BC (2Ki. 17:5-6). After the Assyrian conquest, the region of Samaria was repopulated with people from various parts of the Assyrian Empire (2Ki. 17:24), who intermarried with the remaining Israelites and became known as Samaritans.

The Samaritans developed their own religious practices, which combined elements of Israelite tradition with foreign customs (2Ki. 17:26-28). They worshipped at Mount Gerizim instead of Jerusalem (Jhn. 4:20) and accepted only the first five books of the Bible as authoritative.

In the New Testament, Jesus encountered a Samaritan woman at Jacob's well (Jhn. 4:7-26) and used a Samaritan as an example of compassion in the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luk. 10:33). The early church spread to Samaria through the ministry of Philip (Act.8.5-25), and the apostles Peter and John later visited the region (Act.8.14-17).

Throughout the Bible, Samaria and the Samaritans are often portrayed as being in tension with the Jews due to religious and cultural differences (Jhn. 4:9; 8:48). However, Jesus and the early church demonstrated that the gospel was meant for all people, including the Samaritans.

Approximate location: 32.280, 35.198 · view on a map · on the Bible atlas

Bible dictionary

Samaria Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

A watch-mountain or a watch-tower. In the heart of the mountains of Israel, a few miles north-west of Shechem, stands the “hill of Shomeron,” a solitary mountain, a great “mamelon.” It is an oblong hill, with steep but not inaccessible sides, and a long flat top. Omri, the king of Israel, purchased this hill from Shemer its owner for two talents of silver, and built on its broad summit the city to which he gave the name of “Shomeron”, i.e., Samaria, as the new capital of his kingdom instead of Tirzah (1 Kings 16:24). As such it possessed many advantages. Here Omri resided during the last six years of his reign. As the result of an unsuccessful war with Syria, he appears to have been obliged to grant to the Syrians the right to “make streets in Samaria”, i.e., probably permission to the Syrian merchants to carry on their trade in the Israelite capital. This would imply the existence of a considerable Syrian population. “It was the only great city of Palestine created by the sovereign. All the others had been already consecrated by patriarchal tradition or previous possession. But Samaria was the choice of Omri alone. He, indeed, gave to the city which he had built the name of its former owner, but its especial connection with himself as its founder is proved by the designation which it seems Samaria bears in Assyrian inscriptions, Beth-khumri (‘the house or palace of Omri’).”, Stanley. Samaria was frequently besieged. In the days of Ahab, Benhadad II. came up against it with thirty-two vassal kings, but was defeated with a great slaughter (1 Kings 20:1-21). A second time, next year, he assailed it; but was again utterly routed, and was compelled to surrender to Ahab (20:28-34), whose army, as compared with that of Benhadad, was no more than “two little flocks of kids.”…

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Samaria Smith Smith’s Bible Dictionary (1863)

(watch mountain). This city is situated 30 miles north of Jerusalem and about six miles to the northwest of Shechem, in a wide basin-shaped valley, six miles in diameter, encircled with high hills, almost on the edge of the great plain which borders upon the Mediterranean. In the centre of this basin, which is on a lower level than the valley of Shechem, rises a less elevated hill, with steep yet accessible sides and a long fiat top. This hill was chosen by Omri as the site of the capital of the kingdom of Israel. He “bought the hill of Samaria of Shemer for two talents of silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, after the name of the owner of the hill, Samaria.” (1 Kings 16:23,24) From the that of Omri’s purchase, B.C. 925, Samaria retained its dignity as the capital of the ten tribes, and the name is given to the northern kingdom as well as to the city. Ahab built a temple to Baal there. (1 Kings 16:32,33) It was twice besieged by the Syrians, in B.C. 901, (1 Kings 20:1) and in B.C. 892, (2 Kings 6:24-7; 2 Kings 6:20) but on both occasions the siege was ineffectual. The possessor of Samaria was considered Deuteronomy facto king of Israel. (2 Kings 15:13,14) In B.C. 721 Samaria was taken, after a siege of three years, by Shalmaneser king of Assyria, (2 Kings 18:9,10) and the kingdom of the ten tribes was put an end to. Some years afterward the district of which Samaria was the centre was repeopled by Esarhaddon. Alexander the Great took the city, killed a large portion of the inhabitants, and suffered the remainder to set it at Shechem. He replaced them by a colony of Syro-Macedonians who occupied the city until the time of John Hyrcanus, who took it after a year’s siege, and did his best to demolish it entirely. (B.C. 109.) It…

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Samaria Hitchcock Hitchcock’s Bible Names Dictionary (1869)

watch-mountain

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Samaria Hastings Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (1898)

SAMA'RIA (watch-post), a noted city of Central Palestine, founded by Omri, king of Israel. Situation. - The city of Samaria was 30 miles north of Jerusalem and 6 miles north-west of Shechem, and situated near the centre of a beautiful basin about 6 miles in diameter and surrounded by hills. The hill of Samaria was to the east of the centre of this basin, and about 1542 feet in height above the level of the sea. It was of an oblong form, with steep and terraced sides. The whole region about it is fertile, the site being a strong one for defence and the view from the summit very beautiful. From its top the Mediterranean Sea can be plainly seen. History. - Shemer sold the ground upon which Samaria was built to Omri, the king of Israel, for two silver talents, and the latter built a city, calling it Samaria, b.c. 925. 1 Kgs 16:23-24. It appears that previous to this Shechem had been the capital, and Tirzah the court-residence in summer. 1 Kgs 15:21, 1 Kgs 15:33; 1 Kgs 16:1-18. But Omri now made Samaria the capital of Israel - a position which it continued to hold for two hundred years, until the fall of the northern kingdom, b.c. 721. It was the seat of many idolatrous practices. Ahab erected a great temple to Baal; Jehu destroyed it, and massacred the priests. 1 Kgs 16:32-33; 2 Kgs 10:18, 2 Kgs 10:28. Twice the city was besieged by the Syrians - in the reign of Ahab, b.c. 901, and in the reign of Joram, b.c. 892. 1 Kgs 20:1. At the latter siege the people were reduced to the most terrible distress by famine, but were wonderfully delivered, in accordance with the prophecy of Elisha. 2 Kgs 6:24-33; 2 Kgs 7:1-20. About one hundred and seventy years later the city was captured by the king of Assyria, after a siege of nearly three years; the northern kingdom was destroyed, and…

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Samaria Schaff Schaff’s Dictionary of the Bible

SAMA'RIA, KINGDOM AND COUNTRY OF, a territory which lay north of Judah, and, in N.T. times, between that country and the region known as Galilee. Situation and Extent. - The kingdom of Samaria, as referred to in the O.T., was synonymous with the kingdom of Israel. This varied in extent at different times, at one period embracing all the territory allotted to the ten tribes, at others covering a more limited region. In the days of Jeroboam it extended on both sides of the Jordan; but this territory was much reduced, first by the invasion of Pul, and later by that of Tiglath-pileser, when the Israelites on the east side were taken captive. The extent of the kingdom was then confined to the region between the Jordan and the Mediterranean, and to that portion north of the kingdom of Judah, it being, in fact, only a subject province of Assyria. See Israel, Kingdom of. In N.T. times Samaria was the region between Galilee on the north and Judaea on the south. Its boundaries have been traced by the British Ordnance Survey in accordance with the description by Josephus. The northern limit is defined by the towns of Beth-shan (Beisan), En-gannim (Jenin), and Caphar-outheni (Kefr Adhan), being properly commensurate with the northern boundary of Manasseh. Beth-shan and the valley of Jezreel at one time belonged to Samaria, but were subsequently taken by the Jews. The southern boundary, as noted by Josephus, appears to have been the great valley called Wady Deir Ballut, which rises near the Libben (the ancient Lebonah), and leaves Shiloh in the territory of Judah. Antipatris (Ras el-Ain), Annath (Aina), and Borceas (Brukin) are found on the frontier-line. According to Josephus, Samaria had no sea-coast, since the whole plain of Sharon up to Ptolemais belonged to Judah. It is…

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Samaria appears

124 verses in 16 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H8111

1 Kings17
2 Kings45
2 Chronicles8
Ezra2
Nehemiah1
Isaiah7
Jeremiah3
Ezekiel6
Hosea6
Amos5
Obadiah1
Micah3
Matthew1
Luke4
John7
Acts8

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.