← People

Person · Ammon

Herod

Tetrarch living at the time of the New Testament

Herod Antipas was the tetrarch of Galilee during Jesus' ministry and played a role in Jesus' trial.

🗺 Places mentioned alongside Herod on the map →

Herod Antipas was the son of Herod the Great and ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea during the time of Jesus' ministry. He is mentioned in the Gospels in connection with the imprisonment and execution of John the Baptist (Mat.14.3,6; Mrk.6.17-29; Luk.3.19-20). Herod Antipas had married Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, which John the Baptist condemned as unlawful. In retaliation, Herodias's daughter danced for Herod Antipas and requested the head of John the Baptist as a reward. Herod, though reluctant, fulfilled her request and had John beheaded. During Jesus' ministry, Herod Antipas heard about Jesus' miracles and teachings and was perplexed, thinking that John the Baptist had risen from the dead (Mat.14.1-2; Mrk.6.14-16; Luk.9.7-9). Later, during Jesus' trial, Pontius Pilate sent Jesus to Herod Antipas, who was in Jerusalem at the time (Luk.23.7-12). Herod Antipas questioned Jesus, hoping to see a miracle, but Jesus remained silent. Herod and his soldiers mocked Jesus, dressed him in an elegant robe, and sent him back to Pilate. This encounter between Herod Antipas and Jesus is unique to the Gospel of Luke.

Family

Father
Herod
Spouse or partner
Herodias

Connections

Part of: The Herods · Roman Officials

Herod the Great and three sons

FamilyWidely accepted

The NT Herods belong to one family. After Herod the Great died, Archelaus ruled Judea, Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, and Philip tetrarch of the northeast. Matthew and Luke name three of the four; Josephus supplies the genealogy.

Where the text shows it: Matthew 2:22 — Archelaus reigns in place of his father HerodLuke 3:1 — Herod and Philip tetrarchsMatthew 14:1 — Herod the tetrarch

Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews

Herodias, married to two half-brothers

FamilyStated in the text

Mark says Herod Antipas took Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. John said it was unlawful. Josephus names her first husband as another half-brother (also called Herod). The Philip in the Gospels is usually distinguished from the tetrarch Philip.

Where the text shows it: Mark 6:17-18 — Herod married his brother Philip's wife HerodiasLuke 3:19 — John rebukes Herod for Herodias

Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews

Herodias was also Antipas's niece

FamilyWidely accepted

Josephus says Herodias was a granddaughter of Herod the Great through Aristobulus, making her Antipas's niece as well as sister-in-law. The NT does not mention this.

Where the text shows it: Mark 6:17 — Herodias as his brother's wife

Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews

The dancer is Salome

FamilyWidely accepted

Mark calls the dancer "his daughter Herodias" in some manuscripts or "the daughter of Herodias" in others; Josephus names Herodias's daughter Salome, who later married the tetrarch Philip. The Gospels never name her.

Where the text shows it: Mark 6:22 — The daughter of Herodias dancesMatthew 14:6-11 — Daughter of Herodias asks for John's head

Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews

Antipas imprisons and kills John

RoleStated in the text

Antipas arrested John over Herodias, feared and listened to him, and then had him beheaded after Salome's dance and a rash oath. Josephus gives a political motive (fear of unrest) rather than a marital one.

Where the text shows it: Mark 6:17-29 — Imprisonment and beheadingLuke 3:19-20 — John shut up in prison

Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews

Pilate sends Jesus to Antipas

RoleStated in the text

Only Luke records Pilate sending Jesus to Herod Antipas in Jerusalem, where Antipas mocked him. Luke adds that Herod and Pilate became friends that day, having been enemies before.

Where the text shows it: Luke 23:6-12 — Jesus before Herod; Pilate and Herod become friendsLuke 13:31-32 — "That fox"Luke 9:7-9 — Herod hears about Jesus, perplexed

Sources: Scripture

Joanna, wife of Herod's steward

FamilyStated in the text

Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, is among the women who supported Jesus from their means and who later heard the angel at the tomb. Her husband's position put a disciple inside Antipas's household.

Where the text shows it: Luke 8:3 — Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's household managerLuke 24:10 — Joanna at the empty tomb

Sources: Scripture

Manaen, raised with Herod Antipas

FriendsStated in the text

Manaen is described as having been brought up with Herod the tetrarch before becoming a prophet and teacher at Antioch beside Barnabas and Saul. The Greek syntrophos may mean foster-brother or childhood companion.

Where the text shows it: Acts 13:1 — Manaen brought up with Herod the tetrarch

Sources: Scripture

Did Joanna and Manaen supply Luke's Herod stories?

RoleHypothesis

Luke alone reports the news of Herod hearing about Jesus, the warning about "that fox", and Jesus before Herod. Because Joanna and Manaen had Herodian ties, some suggest they were Luke's sources.

Where the text shows it: Luke 8:3 — Joanna in Herod's householdActs 13:1 — Manaen raised with HerodLuke 23:8-12 — Herod material unique to Luke
Ways people read this (3)
  • Luke drew on Joanna and Manaen for court material.
  • Luke used general informants or traditions, and the pairing is coincidental.
  • Bauckham argues the Junia of Romans 16:7 may be this Joanna, a separate and more speculative claim.

Sources: Richard Bauckham, Gospel Women

Pilate and Antipas: enemies to friends

RoleStated in the text

Luke notes Pilate and Antipas were enemies before Jesus' appearance before Herod. Luke 13:1 mentions Pilate mixing Galileans' blood with their sacrifices, which may be the source of the tension.

Where the text shows it: Luke 23:12 — Friends that dayLuke 13:1 — Pilate and the Galileans

Sources: Scripture

Where Herod appears

24 verses in 4 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s G2264

Matthew3
Mark8
Luke11
Acts2

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.