930 BC – 722 BC · 352 passages
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c. 931 BC – Rehoboam at Shechem rejects the elders' advice Traditional date
Israel comes to Shechem and asks Rehoboam to lighten Solomon's heavy burden. He rejects his elders' advice and threatens to make it heavier, which the narrator says was part of God's plan.
c. 931 BC – the northern tribes break from David's house; Jeroboam made king of Israel Traditional date
The northern tribes reject David's house and stone Adoram. They make Jeroboam king. Rehoboam prepares for war but obeys God's word through Shemaiah and turns back.
c. 931–925 BC – early in Jeroboam's reign: fortified Shechem; golden calves at Bethel and Dan Best estimate
Jeroboam, afraid people would return to Jerusalem, sets up golden calves at Bethel and Dan, appoints non-Levite priests and creates his own festival.
c. 931 BC – Rehoboam at Shechem; the kingdom splits Traditional date
Rehoboam goes to Shechem to be made king, and Jeroboam returns from Egypt. The people ask him to lighten the heavy burden Solomon put on them in return for their service; he asks for three days.
c. 931 BC – Rehoboam at Shechem; the kingdom splits Traditional date
Rehoboam first asks his father's elders, who urge kindness. He rejects their advice and asks his young companions, who tell him to answer harshly and promise even heavier burdens.
c. 931 BC – Rehoboam at Shechem; the kingdom splits Traditional date
After three days Rehoboam gives the harsh reply the young men suggested. The narrator says this turn came from God to fulfill Ahijah's earlier word to Jeroboam.
c. 931 BC – Rehoboam at Shechem; the kingdom splits Traditional date
The northern tribes reject David's house and go home, leaving Rehoboam ruling only Judah's cities. When he sends Hadoram to them, they stone him and Rehoboam flees to Jerusalem.
c. 931 BC – after the split, Shemaiah forbids Rehoboam's war against Israel (traditional dates) Traditional date
Rehoboam gathers 180,000 warriors to retake the northern tribes. God sends the prophet Shemaiah to tell them not to fight their brothers, and they turn back.
c. 930–920 BC – early in Jeroboam's reign: a man of God from Judah confronts him at Bethel Best estimate
A man of God from Judah denounces the altar at Bethel and predicts Josiah. The altar splits, Jeroboam's hand withers and is healed, and the man refuses to eat there.
c. 930–920 BC – the old prophet of Bethel deceives the man of God Best estimate
An old prophet of Bethel goes after the man of God and lies, claiming an angel told him to bring the man home to eat. The man of God goes with him.
c. 930–920 BC – judgment and burial of the man of God Best estimate
God speaks through the old prophet to announce judgment on the man of God. He is killed by a lion on the road and the old prophet buries him.
c. 930–910 BC – Jeroboam's reign: he persists in idolatrous priesthood Best estimate
Despite these events, Jeroboam keeps appointing priests for the high places. This becomes the sin that leads to his house's destruction.
Judah's kings from Rehoboam (c. 930 BC) to Zedekiah; Jerusalem falls to Babylon in 586 BC Well established
The line of kings is traced father to son from Solomon's son Rehoboam down to Josiah. His sons are listed, ending with the last kings before the exile.
c. 930–927 BC – Rehoboam fortifies Judah; priests from Israel settle there; his family (three years of strength, v. 17) Best estimate
Rehoboam builds up fifteen cities for defense in Judah and Benjamin, stocking them with officers, food, shields, and spears.
c. 930–927 BC – Rehoboam fortifies Judah; priests from Israel settle there; his family (three years of strength, v. 17) Best estimate
Priests, Levites, and other faithful Israelites leave the north for Jerusalem because Jeroboam has rejected the Levites and set up his own high places and calf idols. For three years they strengthen Judah.
c. 930–927 BC – Rehoboam fortifies Judah; priests from Israel settle there; his family (three years of strength, v. 17) Best estimate
The passage lists Rehoboam's wives and children, noting his favorite wife Maacah and his choice of her son Abijah as chief prince. He spreads his other sons through the fortified cities.
Later in Jeroboam's reign (ends c. 910 BC) – his wife consults Ahijah about their sick son Best estimate
When Jeroboam's son Abijah falls ill, Jeroboam sends his wife in disguise to the prophet Ahijah. God has already told Ahijah who is coming.
Later in Jeroboam's reign (ends c. 910 BC) – Ahijah's message against Jeroboam's house Best estimate
Ahijah says Jeroboam has done more evil than any before him. God will cut off his house, the child will die, and Israel will be uprooted from the land for its sins.
c. 926–910 BC – the boy dies; Jeroboam's 22-year reign ends Best estimate
The boy dies as she reaches home, and all Israel mourns. Jeroboam reigns twenty-two years and is succeeded by Nadab.
Rehoboam's reign (931–913 BC); Shishak of Egypt invades in his 5th year, c. 926–925 BC Dated in the text
Judah under Rehoboam does evil with high places and shrine prostitutes. Shishak of Egypt attacks Jerusalem and takes the temple treasures, and Rehoboam replaces the gold shields with bronze.
c. 926 BC – Rehoboam's fifth year; Pharaoh Shishak invades Judah Well established
Once secure, Rehoboam and all Israel abandon the Law of the LORD. In his fifth year Shishak of Egypt attacks with a vast army and captures Judah's fortified cities.
c. 926 BC – Rehoboam's fifth year; Pharaoh Shishak invades Judah Well established
The prophet Shemaiah tells the leaders that God has abandoned them to Shishak. They humble themselves, and God promises not to destroy them but says they will become Shishak's servants.
c. 926 BC – Rehoboam's fifth year; Pharaoh Shishak invades Judah Well established
Shishak seizes the temple and palace treasures, including Solomon's gold shields. Rehoboam has bronze shields made instead, and because he humbled himself God's anger turns from him.
c. 926–913 BC – end of Rehoboam's seventeen-year reign Traditional date
Rehoboam reigns seventeen years, but the summary says he did evil because he did not set his heart to seek the LORD. He dies and his son Abijah reigns.
c. 913–911 BC – Abijam's 3-year reign in Judah, from the 18th year of Jeroboam Dated in the text
Abijam reigns three years and follows his father's sins. God preserves his line for David's sake.
c. 913–911 BC – Abijah of Judah at war with Jeroboam of Israel Traditional date
Abijah becomes king of Judah and goes to battle against Jeroboam of Israel. Abijah leads 400,000 men against Jeroboam's 800,000.
c. 913–911 BC – Abijah of Judah at war with Jeroboam of Israel Traditional date
Abijah argues that God gave David's line the kingdom by covenant, that Jeroboam rebelled and set up golden calves, and that Judah still worships properly. He warns Israel not to fight the LORD.
c. 913–911 BC – Abijah of Judah at war with Jeroboam of Israel Traditional date
Jeroboam's troops ambush Judah from behind, but Judah cries to the LORD and the priests blow trumpets. God routes Israel, and 500,000 of their men fall because Judah relied on the LORD.
c. 913–911 BC – Abijah of Judah at war with Jeroboam of Israel Traditional date
Abijah captures Bethel and other cities, and Jeroboam never regains power. Abijah grows strong and has many wives and children.
c. 911–870 BC – Asa's 41-year reign in Judah: reforms and the treaty with Aram Traditional date
Asa does right, removes idols and his grandmother's Asherah pole. When Baasha threatens him he buys help from Aram's king, and he later takes Baasha's building materials.
c. 911–897 BC – early reign of Asa; a decade of peace Traditional date
Asa becomes king and does what is right, removing foreign altars and idols and telling Judah to seek the LORD. The land has peace, so he builds fortified cities and gathers a large army.
c. 910–886 BC – Nadab of Israel (2nd year of Asa) killed by Baasha, who reigns 24 years Dated in the text
Nadab reigns two years before Baasha kills him and destroys Jeroboam's family, as Ahijah had said. Baasha then continues Jeroboam's sin.
c. 897 BC – Zerah the Cushite attacks Asa (date uncertain) Best estimate
Zerah the Cushite invades with a huge army, and Asa meets him at Mareshah. Asa prays that only God can help the powerless against the mighty and asks for help.
c. 897 BC – Zerah the Cushite attacks Asa (date uncertain) Best estimate
God strikes down the Cushites before Asa and Judah. Judah pursues them to Gerar, plunders the cities there, and returns to Jerusalem with much loot.
c. 896 BC – Asa's fifteenth year; covenant renewal Dated in the text
The Spirit of God comes on Azariah, who tells Asa and Judah that God is with them if they seek Him and will forsake them if they forsake Him. He recalls Israel's troubled past and urges them to be strong.
c. 896 BC – Asa's fifteenth year; covenant renewal Dated in the text
Encouraged, Asa removes idols and repairs the altar. In the third month of his fifteenth year the people offer sacrifices and covenant to seek the LORD with all their heart, and God gives them rest.
c. 896–876 BC – Asa removes Maacah; Judah has peace until his 35th year (recorded as 15:19; traditional dates) Best estimate
Asa removes his grandmother Maacah as queen mother for making an Asherah pole, and destroys the pole. He restores dedicated items to God's house, and there is no war until his thirty-fifth year.
Late in Baasha's reign (ends c. 886 BC) – Jehu son of Hanani condemns his house Best estimate
God tells Baasha through Jehu that his house will end like Jeroboam's, because he followed Jeroboam's sin. Baasha dies and his son Elah reigns.
c. 886 BC – 26th year of Asa: Zimri kills Elah of Israel Dated in the text
While Elah is drunk, Zimri kills him and wipes out Baasha's family, fulfilling the prophecy.
c. 886–881 BC – Zimri's seven days; Omri prevails over Tibni (27th–31st years of Asa) Dated in the text
Zimri reigns seven days before the army makes Omri king. Zimri burns the palace over himself, and Omri overcomes his rival Tibni.
c. 886–875 BC – Asa and Baasha (the '36th year' is hard to reconcile with Baasha's dates) Best estimate
Baasha of Israel fortifies Ramah to cut off Judah. Asa takes silver and gold from the temple and palace to pay Ben-hadad of Aram to break his treaty with Israel, and Baasha withdraws.
c. 886–875 BC – Hanani rebukes Asa (dating uncertain) Best estimate
The seer Hanani tells Asa he relied on Aram instead of the LORD, unlike when he trusted God against the Cushites. He warns Asa that God supports those fully devoted to Him and that Asa will now face war. Asa puts Hanani in prison.
c. 881–875 BC – Omri's reign: he builds Samaria as Israel's capital Traditional date
Omri reigns twelve years, buys the hill of Samaria and builds a capital there. The narrator says he did more evil than any before him.
c. 874–853 BC – Ahab's 22-year reign in Israel: Jezebel and Baal worship Traditional date
Ahab marries Jezebel and sets up an altar for Baal. Hiel rebuilds Jericho at the cost of his sons.
c. 871–866 BC – Ahab's reign: Elijah announces a drought and is fed at the Cherith Best estimate
Elijah tells Ahab there will be no rain except at his word. God sends him to hide by the Brook of Cherith, where ravens feed him, until it dries up.
c. 870 BC – Asa dies in his forty-first year Traditional date
In his thirty-ninth year Asa's feet become diseased, and he seeks only physicians and not the LORD. He dies in his forty-first year and is buried in a tomb he had prepared.
c. 870–866 BC – during the drought in Ahab's reign: Elijah and the widow of Zarephath Best estimate
God sends Elijah to a widow in Zarephath, who has almost no food. She feeds him, and her flour and oil do not run out.
c. 870–866 BC – during the drought: Elijah raises the widow's son at Zarephath Best estimate
The widow's son dies, and Elijah prays over him until his life returns. The woman says she now knows Elijah is a man of God.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
In the third year of drought God tells Elijah to go to Ahab and promises rain. Meanwhile Ahab and his palace manager Obadiah, who had secretly saved a hundred prophets, split up to search for grass.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Elijah meets Obadiah and tells him to announce him to Ahab. Obadiah fears Ahab will kill him if Elijah vanishes again, but Elijah swears he will appear that day, so Obadiah goes.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Ahab calls Elijah the troubler of Israel; Elijah replies that Ahab and his family are the real cause because they abandoned God's commands for the Baals. He demands a gathering on Mount Carmel, and Ahab complies.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Elijah asks the silent crowd how long they will waver between the LORD and Baal, then proposes a test: each side prepares a bull, and the God who answers by fire is God.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Baal's prophets go first, calling on him from morning until evening, dancing and cutting themselves. Elijah mocks them, but there is no answer.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Elijah repairs the LORD's fallen altar with twelve stones for the twelve tribes, digs a trench, and has water poured over the offering three times until the trench is full, making the coming fire clearly miraculous.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Elijah prays briefly that the LORD would show he is God, and fire falls and consumes everything. The people declare the LORD is God, and Elijah has Baal's prophets seized and killed at the Kishon Valley.
c. 870–860 BC – Ahab king of Israel (874–853); Elijah, the long drought and Carmel (Jezebel of Tyre's Baal worship) Best estimate
Elijah tells Ahab a heavy rain is coming, prays on Carmel, and sends his servant to watch the sea seven times until a small cloud appears. The rain arrives and Elijah runs ahead of Ahab's chariot to Jezreel.
c. 865–860 BC – Elijah's flight and call of Elisha, in Ahab's reign Best estimate
Ahab reports everything to Jezebel, who vows to kill Elijah within a day. Elijah runs to Beersheba, leaves his servant, and sits under a broom tree praying to die.
c. 865–860 BC – Elijah's flight and call of Elisha, in Ahab's reign Best estimate
An angel twice wakes Elijah and gives him bread and water. Strengthened, he travels forty days and nights to Horeb, the mountain of God.
c. 865–860 BC – Elijah's flight and call of Elisha, in Ahab's reign Best estimate
God asks what Elijah is doing there, and Elijah says he alone remains faithful. God's presence is not in wind, earthquake, or fire but in a still, small voice, and Elijah repeats the same complaint.
c. 865–860 BC – Elijah's flight and call of Elisha, in Ahab's reign Best estimate
God sends Elijah to anoint Hazael, Jehu, and Elisha, and says judgment will follow. He also reveals that seven thousand in Israel have not bowed to Baal, so Elijah is not alone.