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Daniel

Prophet living at the time of Exile and Return

Daniel, also called Belteshazzar, was a prophet in Babylon known for his wisdom, integrity, and interpretation of dreams and visions.

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Also known as Belteshazzar

Daniel, whose Babylonian name was Belteshazzar, was a prominent Jewish prophet during the Babylonian exile. He was among the young nobles taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar and brought to Babylon to serve in the king's court (Daniel 1).

Known for his wisdom, integrity, and ability to interpret dreams and visions, Daniel served under several Babylonian kings, including Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, and Darius the Mede. He is mentioned alongside Noah and Job in Ezk.14.14,20 as an example of righteousness.

Throughout his life, Daniel received several visions and revelations from God, which are recorded in the Book of Daniel. These visions include the interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dreams (Daniel 2; 4), the handwriting on the wall during Belshazzar's feast (Daniel 5), and visions concerning future kingdoms and the end times (Daniel 7-12).

Daniel's faithfulness to God was tested when he was thrown into the lions' den for praying to God instead of King Darius (Daniel 6). However, God protected him, and his faith and integrity were vindicated.

In the New Testament, Jesus refers to the "abomination of desolation" spoken of by the prophet Daniel (Mat.24.15; Mrk.13.14), indicating the continued significance of Daniel's prophecies.

Daniel's life and ministry demonstrate the importance of faith, prayer, and obedience to God, even in the face of persecution and adversity. His visions and prophecies provide insight into God's sovereign plan for the nations and the coming of the Messiah.

Connections

Part of: Last kings of Judah and the prophets of the exile

Ezekiel and Daniel in exile

WorkDebated

Both lived in Babylon at the same time, Daniel at court from 605 BC, Ezekiel among the deportees from 597 BC. Ezekiel names "Daniel" alongside Noah and Job as a model of righteousness and of wisdom. Whether that is the same Daniel is debated.

Where the text shows it: Ezek 14:14 — Noah, Daniel and JobEzek 14:20 — Repeated in the second oracleEzek 28:3 — "Are you wiser than Daniel?"Dan 1:1-6 — Daniel taken in Jehoiakim's third year
Ways people read this (3)
  • Traditional view: Ezekiel refers to his contemporary, then already famous at court.
  • Some scholars think Ezekiel means Danel, an ancient righteous king in a Ugaritic legend, spelled the same in Hebrew consonants.
  • Ezekiel's spelling differs from the Daniel of the book of Daniel in the Hebrew text.

Sources: Ezek 14:14 · Ezek 14:20 · Ezek 28:3 · Dan 1:1-6

Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar

WorkStated in the text

Taken to Babylon as a youth, Daniel was trained in the king's service, interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's dreams of the statue and the tree, and was promoted. Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4 praises the God of heaven after his humbling.

Where the text shows it: Dan 1:3-6 — Daniel chosen and trainedDan 2:46-49 — Nebuchadnezzar honours DanielDan 4:24-27 — The tree dreamDan 4:34-37 — Nebuchadnezzar praises God

Sources: Dan 1:3-6 · Dan 2:46-49 · Dan 4:24-27 · Dan 4:34-37

Daniel and his three friends

FriendsStated in the text

Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah were taken together, renamed Belteshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and supported each other in refusing the king's food and (for the three) the golden image. Daniel asked his friends to pray about the dream.

Where the text shows it: Dan 1:6-7 — Names and renamingDan 2:17-18 — Friends pray with DanielDan 3:12-28 — Fiery furnace

Sources: Dan 1:6-7 · Dan 2:17-18 · Dan 3:12-28

Daniel and Belshazzar: the writing on the wall

RoleStated in the text

At Belshazzar's feast Daniel, summoned by the queen, read the inscription: mene, mene, tekel, parsin. Belshazzar promoted Daniel as third ruler; that night he was killed and Darius the Mede received the kingdom.

Where the text shows it: Dan 5:10-12 — The queen recommends DanielDan 5:25-28 — The words interpretedDan 5:29-31 — Promotion; death; Darius receives the kingdom

Sources: Dan 5:10-12 · Dan 5:25-28 · Dan 5:29-31

Daniel and Darius the Mede

RoleDebated

Darius the Mede, son of Ahasuerus, organised 120 satraps and set Daniel over them; officials tricked Darius into a decree that put Daniel in the lions' den. Who Darius the Mede was is debated.

Where the text shows it: Dan 5:31 — Darius the Mede receives the kingdomDan 6:1-3 — Satraps; Daniel over themDan 6:16-23 — Lions' denDan 9:1 — Son of Ahasuerus, of Median descent
Ways people read this (4)
  • Identified with Gubaru (Gobryas), governor of Babylon under Cyrus.
  • Another name or title for Cyrus himself, with Dan 6:28 read as "Darius, that is Cyrus".
  • Identified with Ugbaru, Cyrus's general who took Babylon.
  • Some critical scholars treat him as a literary conflation; no contemporary record names him.

Sources: Dan 5:31 · Dan 6:1-3 · Dan 6:16-23 · Dan 9:1

Daniel and Cyrus

RoleStated in the text

Daniel's career is said to have continued to the third year of Cyrus, when he received his last vision. The decree allowing the exiles to return (Ezra 1) fell in Cyrus's first year, and Daniel 9 shows him praying about the seventy years just before.

Where the text shows it: Dan 1:21 — Daniel continued to the first year of CyrusDan 6:28 — Daniel prospered under Darius and CyrusDan 10:1 — Vision in Cyrus's third yearDan 9:2 — Daniel reads Jeremiah's seventy years

Sources: Dan 1:21 · Dan 6:28 · Dan 10:1 · Dan 9:2

Bible dictionary

Daniel Easton Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897)

God is my judge, or judge of God. (1.) David’s second son, “born unto him in Hebron, of Abigail the Carmelitess” (1 Chr. 3:1). He is called also Chileab (2 Sam. 3:3). (2.) One of the four great prophets, although he is not once spoken of in the Old Testament as a prophet. His life and prophecies are recorded in the Book of Daniel. He was descended from one of the noble families of Judah (Dan. 1:3), and was probably born in Jerusalem about B.C. 623, during the reign of Josiah. At the first deportation of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar (the kingdom of Israel had come to an end nearly a century before), or immediately after his victory over the Egyptians at the second battle of Carchemish, in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim (B.C. 606), Daniel and other three noble youths were carried off to Babylon, along with part of the vessels of the temple. There he was obliged to enter into the service of the king of Babylon, and in accordance with the custom of the age received the Chaldean name of Belteshazzar, i.e., “prince of Bel,” or “Bel protect the king!” His residence in Babylon was very probably in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar, now identified with a mass of shapeless mounds called the Kasr, on the right bank of the river. His training in the schools of the wise men in Babylon (Dan. 1:4) was to fit him for service to the empire. He was distinguished during this period for his piety and his stict observance of the Mosaic law (1:8-16), and gained the confidence and esteem of those who were over him. His habit of attention gained during his education in Jerusalem enabled him soon to master the wisdom and learning of the Chaldeans, and even to excel his compeers. At the close of his three years of discipline and training in the royal schools, Daniel was distinguished for…

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Easton (1897), Smith (1863), Hitchcock (1869), Hastings (1898) and Schaff are in the public domain. Parsed text: neuu-org/bible-dictionary-dataset (CC BY 4.0). Headwords and whitespace normalised for this site.

Where Daniel appears

72 verses in 4 books · English text: BSB (change it from the menu at the top) · Strong’s H1840

Ezekiel3
Daniel67
Matthew1
Mark1

Names, family links and references: STEPBible TIPNR (Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Short descriptions were drafted with AI assistance by STEPBible. Family links follow STEPBible’s scholarly decisions where genealogies are ambiguous.