Annas, Caiaphas and the priestly clan behind the trials of Jesus and the apostles.
John says Jesus was led first to Annas, father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. Luke lists both as high priests.
Sources: Scripture
Acts 4 names Annas, Caiaphas, John, and Alexander with "all who were of the high-priestly family" as the court that questioned Peter and John.
Sources: Scripture
John says Jesus was first sent to Annas, then to Caiaphas, then to Pilate. Jesus tells Pilate the one who delivered him has the greater sin.
Sources: Scripture
Caiaphas told the council it was expedient that one man die for the people, and John calls this an unwitting prophecy.
Sources: Scripture
Only John names the servant whose ear Peter cut off as Malchus, and only John names Peter as the swordsman. Luke says Jesus healed the ear.
Sources: Scripture
John says another disciple, known to the high priest, got Peter into the courtyard. Is he John the apostle, the Beloved Disciple, or someone else?
Sources: Scripture
In the council Gamaliel, a Pharisee and respected teacher, recommends leaving the apostles alone, reasoning that it will fail if merely human but cannot be stopped if from God.
Sources: Scripture
Ananias the high priest ordered Paul struck and later went down to Caesarea with Tertullus to accuse him before Felix. Josephus identifies him as Ananias son of Nedebaeus.
Sources: Scripture · Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews
Drafted with AI assistance from the biblical text and named historical sources, and labelled by how firmly each link is supported. Family links also draw on STEPBible’s TIPNR data (CC BY 4.0). Where tradition or hypothesis is involved, read the cited verses and judge for yourself.