Ephesians 4

Berean Standard Bible · Compare translations · AD 60 – AD 62 · The early church · Tap a verse to copy, share or highlight ·

32 verses · 625 words · ~3 min read · ~4 min listen

Unity in the Body

New Life in Christ

Footnotes (4)
  1. a v8 Or He says
  2. b v8 Psalm 68:18
  3. c v9 BYZ and TR except that He also descended first
  4. d v26 Or “In your anger do not sin.” Psalms 4:4

Study notes on this chapter · 1

QuotationLinked by the New Testament

When he ascended on high he led captives

Paul quotes a psalm picturing God going up to his mountain with captives, and says it speaks of Christ's ascent and gifts to the church. Where the Hebrew text says God 'received gifts among people', Paul says he 'gave gifts', a difference discussed at length by commentators.

When: A psalm of David; Ephesians, c. AD 60–62.

Original passagePsalms 68:18
Where the New Testament applies itEphesians 4:7–13
Ways people read this (3)
  • Paul adapts the victory-procession picture: the conqueror receives tribute and then distributes it.
  • Paul follows an ancient interpretive tradition (attested in the Aramaic targum) that reads the verb as 'gave'.
  • The captives are variously read as powers defeated by Christ or as people freed by him.

Editorial note by BibleWay. Interpretations vary; dates are approximate scholarly estimates.

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